Under the last czars they were often used to quell strikes and other disturbances. the Cossacks had lost most of their political autonomy and had been made the privileged military class, integrated with the Russian military forces. Open struggle ensued between the Cossacks and the Polish and Russian governments. The Cossacks gave shelter to refugees from Poland and Russia and took part in peasant revolts in Ukraine and Russia in the 17th and 18th cent. Each community elected an ataman as its head, while an assembly of all the Cossacks chose the hetman. They were all organized on principles of political and social equality, and originally were virtually autonomous. Click the link for more information.) and its tributaries. founded the virtually independent republic of the Don Cossacks on the fertile steppes along the lower course of the Don River. Similar communities grew up on the Don (see Don Cossacks Don Cossacks,Ĭossack settlers (see Cossacks) who in the 16th cent. 884,000), capital of Zaporizhzhya region, in Ukraine, a port on the Dnieper River, opposite the island of Khortytsya. they had settled along the lower and middle Dnieper River (for their history to 1775, see Zaporizhzhya Zaporizhzhya The Ukrainian Cossacks, of heterogeneous background, were chiefly Russians and Poles and included many runaway serfs. The first Cossack companies were formed in the 15th cent., when Ukraine, then part of the unified Polish-Lithuanian state, took independent measures to defend itself against the devastating Tatar raids. Kozaky, peasant-soldiers in Ukraine and in several regions of Russia who, until 1918, held certain privileges in return for rendering military service. Today all international legal documents of this state include a political identity (“Kazakhstani”) as opposed to an ethnic identity (“Kazakh”).Cossacks (kŏs`ăks, –əks), Rus. In addition to the Kazakh language ( каз ахский яз ык a Turkic language), some Kazakhs speak Russian and Mandarin. Kazakhs are thought to be of Turkic and Mongol origins.Īpart from the nation of Kazakhstan, Kazakhs also live in Russia ( Росс ия), China ( Кит ай), and Mongolia ( Монг олия). Note that казах is the Russian name for this group the corresponding word in the Kazakh language is qɑzɑ́q. You may recognize this name from the country Kazakhstan ( Казахст ан). каз ашка, plural каз ахи) is the name of an ethnic group living in the Urals and Central Asia. It is probably harder to meet a real cowboy in America than a real Cossack in Russia. Modern-day Cossacks may speak Russian or Ukrainian, depending on where they live. It seems that Cossacks came from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Belorussians, Russians, Ukrainians, Turks, and Tatars. The best-known Cossack societies are Zaporizhia Cossacks ( запор ожские каз аки) and Don Cossacks ( донск ие каз аки), named after the geographical areas they lived in. Note that their name in Ukrainian is козаки́, which is why you might have seen the spelling kozak in English or the last name Kozakov. каз ачка, plural казак и or каз аки) refers to a member of self-governing military societies in what is now the south of Russia and Ukraine. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH., Public Domain, Link Каз ак By Ilya Repin – The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei.
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